Grodno

In the travelers’ memories, Grodno often emerges as the most fabulous, most medieval among all Belarusian cities. For the first time, Grodno was mentioned in old Russian chronicles in the year 1127. Initially, the settlement was called Goroden′. According to one version, the name comes from the words “городить, ограждать” (building, fencing). According to another one, the town was named in honor of the Gorodnya River. The main attractions of Grodno are its castles, only two of which have survived. But there are many other sights that Grodno has to offer because it is one of the oldest cities in Belarus. In the center, you can find well-preserved old urban buildings: two- or three-story houses with attics. There is a place to take a walk, feel the atmosphere of the city.

Interesting fact: for some time, Grodno was the residence of the Grand Duke of Lithuania and the second largest city of the Great Duchy of Lithuania after Vilnius.

Castles Of Grodno

Every tourist arriving in Grodno should go to Zamkovaya Street (Castle street) – one of the oldest city streets in the center. Its length is only 360 meters, from the Soviet Square to the territory of the New and Old Castles, from which its name derived. This street is one of the symbols of the city. On both of its sides, you can find interesting old houses and buildings, each of which has a historical and cultural value.For example: the House of the Sophia Brotherhood, the Masalsky Stone House, which is one of the oldest houses in Grodno, the estate of the Kharchenko state councilor, the house of Chaim the Archer, the wine shop of Rokhlya-Rutkovskaya Rachel, the house of Antsilevich counselor, the house of the fire station with a watch tower, the Lapiner House, the Shereshevsky house, the palace of Khreptovichi and others.

Interesting fact: Zamkovaya street is the only street in Belarus where two royal castles are located.

But let’s talk more about the castles. The Old Castle was erected back in the 12th century for protection against the constant attacks of the Crusaders. During its history, the castle had been destroyed and reconstructed multiple times. Nowadays, it is Historical and Archaeological Museum of Grodno.

The New Castle was built in the 18th century and was placed right in front of the old one. Originally, it was designed as a summer residence of Polish and Lithuanian governors. It is the place, where a historic document on the Division of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the late 18 century was signed. During the Second World War, the building of the Castle had been burned down. Later, it was rebuilt in neoclassical style. Now, New castle is also a home for a branch of the Historical and Archaeological Museum with a beautiful garden with acacias.

(Photo from orda.of.by)

Interesting fact: 331 objects in Grodno are included in the list of the historical and cultural heritage of Belarus.

Churches of Grodno

Grodno is also known for its churches. The famous Kolozhskaya (or Borisoglebskaya Church) is the main one. Built during the reign of Boris and Gleb (1184), it is one of the most famous monuments of ancient Russian architecture. The uniqueness of the Church is the use of colored boulders and tiles, when building it, forming different patterns and symbols. There are clay pots built in in the walls of the church, creating a perfect acoustics of the building.

(Photo from photocentra.ru)

Worth visiting is the Cathedral of St. Francis Xavier. The Jesuit monastery, which was next to it since the 17th century, was the richest in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The decoration of the Church Tower is the oldest working clock in Europe (the mechanism for it was manufactured in the late 15th century).

It is also worth visiting the Church of St. John, which is an architectural monument of the 19th century. The church is built in the Neo-Gothic style and, for today, is the only working Lutheran church in the country.

(Photo from photocentra.ru)

You will not pass by the Holy Intercession Orthodox Cathedral. It has a very interesting exterior decoration, framing of windows and entrances.

(Photo from grodno.in)

In the center of the city, you can find one of the oldest synagogues in Europe, the Great Choral Synagogue. Today, it regularly hosts divine services, and the Jewish Museum operates here.

(Photo from belarus.svobodno.su)

Oldest Pharmacy Museum

Among the other sights of Grodno, we should mention the oldest operating Pharmacy Museum in the country. In addition to its regular duties, pharmacy is also ready to acquaint all the tourists with the history of pharmaceutics, recipes, signatures, collections of chemist’s utensils and equipment, ancient literature on medicine and pharmaceuticals, as well as pharmaceutical and advertising services of pharmaceutical companies of the 20-30s of the 20th century.

(Photo from bravica.pics)

Interesting fact: in the pharmacy museum you can see six stylized herbariums made by the famous Polish writer and resident of Grodno, Eliza Ozheshko.

Interesting fact: one exposition of the museum is dedicated to medical instruments that were used for the autopsy (December 14, 1586) of the King of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, Stefan Batory, after his sudden death in Grodno. It was the first time doing autopsy in the territory of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.